Overview of new MAST physics in anticipation of first results from MAST Upgrade

Harrison, J.R.; Akers, R.J.; Allan, S.Y.; Allcock, J.S.; Allen, J.O.; Appel, L.; Barnes, M.; Ben Ayed, N.; Boeglin, W.; Bowman, C.; Bradley, J.; Browning, P.; Bryant, P.; Carr, M.; Cecconello, M.; Challis, C.D.; Chapman, S.; Chapman, I.T.; Colyer, G.J.; Conroy, S.; Conway, N.J.; Cox, M.; Cunningham, G.; Dendy, R.O.; Dorland, W.; Dudson, B.D.; Easy, L.; Elmore, S.D.; Farley, T.; Feng, X.; Field, A.R.; Fil, A.; Fishpool, G.M.; Fitzgerald, M.; Flesch, K.; Fox, M.F.J.; Frerichs, H.; Gadgil, S.; Gahle, D.; Garzotti, L.; Ghim, Y.-C.; Gibson, S.; Gibson, K.J.; Hall, S.; Ham, C.; Heiberg, N.; Henderson, S.S.; Highcock, E.; Hnat, B.; Howard, J.; Huang, J.; Irvine, S.W.A.; Jacobsen, A.S.; Jones, O.; Katramados, I.; Keeling, D.; Kirk, A.; Klimek, I.; Kogan, L.; Leland, J.; Lipschultz, B.; Lloyd, B.; Lovell, J.; Madsen, B.; Marshall, O.; Martin, R.; McArdle, G.; McClements, K.; McMillan, B.; Meakins, A.; Meyer, H.F.; Militello, F.; Milnes, J.; Mordijck, S.; Morris, A.W.; Moulton, D.; Muir, D.; Mukhi, K.; Murphy-Sugrue, S.; Myatra, O.; Naylor, G.; Naylor, P.; Newton, S.L.; O’Gorman, T.; Omotani, J.; O’Mullane, M.G.; Orchard, S.; Pamela, S.J.P.; Pangione, L.; Parra, F.; Perez, R.V.; Piron, L.; Price, M.; Reinke, M.L.; Riva, Fabio Matteo; Roach, C.M.; Robb, D.; Ryan, D.; Saarelma, S.; Salewski, M.; Scannell, S.; Schekochihin, A.A.; Schmitz, O.; Sharapov, S.; Sharples, R.; Silburn, S.A.; Smith, S.F.; Sperduti, A.; Stephen, R.; Thomas-Davies, N.T.; Thornton, A.J.; Turnyanskiy, M.; Valovič, M.; Van Wyk, F.; Vann, R.G.L.; Walkden, N.R.; Waters, I.; Wilson, H.R.; MAST-U Team; EUROfusion MST1 Team

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ab121c

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Journal article

Overview of new MAST physics in anticipation of first results from MAST Upgrade

Harrison, J.R. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Akers, R.J. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Allan, S.Y. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Allcock, J.S. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham University, United Kingdom
Allen, J.O. Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, United Kingdom
Appel, L. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Barnes, M. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom - Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, United States of America
Ben Ayed, N. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Boeglin, W. Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, United States of America
Bowman, C. Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, United Kingdom
Bradley, J. Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
Browning, P. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
Bryant, P. Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
Carr, M. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Cecconello, M. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Sweden
Challis, C.D. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Chapman, S. Department of Physics, Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
Chapman, I.T. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Colyer, G.J. Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom - Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
Conroy, S. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Sweden
Conway, N.J. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Cox, M. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Cunningham, G. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Dendy, R.O. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Department of Physics, Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
Dorland, W. Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom - Department of Physics, University of Maryland, United States of America
Dudson, B.D. Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, United Kingdom
Easy, L. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, United Kingdom
Elmore, S.D. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Farley, T. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
Feng, X. Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham University, United Kingdom
Field, A.R. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Fil, A. Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, United Kingdom
Fishpool, G.M. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Fitzgerald, M. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Flesch, K. University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America
Fox, M.F.J. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom - Merton College, Oxford, United Kingdom
Frerichs, H. University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America
Gadgil, S. Department of Physics, Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
Gahle, D. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Department of Physics SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Garzotti, L. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Ghim, Y.-C. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom - Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
Gibson, S. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham University, United Kingdom
Gibson, K.J. Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, United Kingdom
Hall, S. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Ham, C. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Heiberg, N. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Henderson, S.S. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Highcock, E. Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom - Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
Hnat, B. Department of Physics, Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
Howard, J. Plasma Research Laboratory, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Huang, J. Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui, China
Irvine, S.W.A. Department of Physics, Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
Jacobsen, A.S. Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany
Jones, O. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham University, United Kingdom
Katramados, I. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Keeling, D. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Kirk, A. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Klimek, I. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Sweden
Kogan, L. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Leland, J. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
Lipschultz, B. Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, United Kingdom
Lloyd, B. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Lovell, J. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States of America
Madsen, B. Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
Marshall, O. Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, United Kingdom
Martin, R. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
McArdle, G. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
McClements, K. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
McMillan, B. Department of Physics, Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
Meakins, A. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Meyer, H.F. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Militello, F. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Milnes, J. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Mordijck, S. Department of Computer Science, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, United States of America
Morris, A.W. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Moulton, D. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Muir, D. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Mukhi, K. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
Murphy-Sugrue, S. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
Myatra, O. Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, United Kingdom
Naylor, G. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Naylor, P. Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, United Kingdom
Newton, S.L. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
O’Gorman, T. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Omotani, J. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
O’Mullane, M.G. Department of Physics SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Orchard, S. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, United Kingdom
Pamela, S.J.P. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Pangione, L. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Parra, F. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Perez, R.V. Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, United States of America
Piron, L. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Price, M. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Reinke, M.L. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States of America
Riva, Fabio Matteo ORCID Istituto ricerche solari Aldo e Cele Daccò (IRSOL), Faculty of Informatics, Università della Svizzera italiana Switzerland - CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Roach, C.M. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Robb, D. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
Ryan, D. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Saarelma, S. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Salewski, M. Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
Scannell, S. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Schekochihin, A.A. Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom - Merton College, Oxford, United Kingdom
Schmitz, O. University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America
Sharapov, S. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Sharples, R. Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham University, United Kingdom
Silburn, S.A. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Smith, S.F. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, United Kingdom
Sperduti, A. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Sweden
Stephen, R. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Thomas-Davies, N.T. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Thornton, A.J. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Turnyanskiy, M. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Valovič, M. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Van Wyk, F. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom - STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom
Vann, R.G.L. Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, United Kingdom
Walkden, N.R. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom
Waters, I. University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America
Wilson, H.R. CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Oxon, United Kingdom - Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, United Kingdom
MAST-U Team
EUROfusion MST1 Team

2019

Published in:

Nuclear Fusion. - 2019, vol. 59, no. 11, p. 112011

English The mega amp spherical tokamak (MAST) was a low aspect ratio device (R/a = 0.85/0.65 ~ 1.3) with similar poloidal cross-section to other medium-size tokamaks. The physics programme concentrates on addressing key physics issues for the operation of ITER, design of DEMO and future spherical tokamaks by utilising high resolution diagnostic measurements closely coupled with theory and modelling to significantly advance our understanding. An empirical scaling of the energy confinement time that favours higher power, lower collisionality devices is consistent with gyrokinetic modelling of electron scale turbulence. Measurements of ion scale turbulence with beam emission spectroscopy and gyrokinetic modelling in up-down symmetric plasmas find that the symmetry of the turbulence is broken by flow shear. Near the non-linear stability threshold, flow shear tilts the density fluctuation correlation function and skews the fluctuation amplitude distribution. Results from fast particle physics studies include the observation that sawteeth are found to redistribute passing and trapped fast particles injected from neutral beam injectors in equal measure, suggesting that resonances between the m = 1 perturbation and the fast ion orbits may be playing a dominant role in the fast ion transport. Measured D–D fusion products from a neutron camera and a charged fusion product detector are 40% lower than predictions from TRANSP/NUBEAM, highlighting possible deficiencies in the guiding centre approximation. Modelling of fast ion losses in the presence of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) can reproduce trends observed in experiments when the plasma response and charge-exchange losses are accounted for. Measurements with a neutral particle analyser during merging-compression start-up indicate the acceleration of ions and electrons. Transport at the plasma edge has been improved through reciprocating probe measurements that have characterised a geodesic acoustic mode at the edge of an ohmic L-mode plasma and particle-in-cell modelling has improved the interpretation of plasma potential estimates from ball-pen probes. The application of RMPs leads to a reduction in particle confinement in L-mode and H-mode and an increase in the core ionization source. The ejection of secondary filaments following type-I ELMs correlates with interactions with surfaces near the X-point. Simulations of the interaction between pairs of filaments in the scrape-off layer suggest this results in modest changes to their velocity, and in most cases can be treated as moving independently. A stochastic model of scrape-off layer profile formation based on the superposition of non-interacting filaments is in good agreement with measured time-average profiles. Transport in the divertor has been improved through fast camera imaging, indicating the presence of a quiescent region devoid of filament near the X-point, extending from the separatrix to ψn ~ 1.02. Simulations of turbulent transport in the divertor show that the angle between the divertor leg on the curvature vector strongly influences transport into the private flux region via the interchange mechanism. Coherence imaging measurements show counter-streaming flows of impurities due to gas puffing increasing the pressure on field lines where the gas is ionised. MAST Upgrade is based on the original MAST device, with substantially improved capabilities to operate with a Super-X divertor to test extended divertor leg concepts. SOLPS-ITER modelling predicts the detachment threshold will be reduced by more than a factor of 2, in terms of upstream density, in the Super-X compared with a conventional configuration and that the radiation front movement is passively stabilised before it reaches the X-point. 1D fluid modelling reveals the key role of momentum and power loss mechanisms in governing detachment onset and evolution. Analytic modelling indicates that long legs placed at large major radius, or equivalently low Equation or symbol description not available at the target compared with the X-point are more amenable to external control. With MAST Upgrade experiments expected in 2019, a thorough characterisation of the sources of the intrinsic error field has been carried out and a mitigation strategy developed.

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