Amicarelli, Fabio Quadranti, Elia Paglia, Christian Vasiliki Alexi, Eleni Ariza, Inés Sinani, Megi Gramazio, Fabio Kohler, Matthias Lloret-Fritschi, Ena 2025 Standardization in concrete construction has reduced design flexibility and increased environmental impact. This research addresses the challenges associated with the construction of highly customized building elements, such as staircases, by combining three innovations: flexible and recyclable paper-based formwork, augmented reality (AR)-guided rebar assembly, and a concrete mix using recycled aggregates. These innovations are integrated for the construction of a real-size demonstrator consisting of three precast stair steps. Structural optimization methods, computational tools, and digital fabrication processes are used for the design, production, testing, and assessment of the demonstrator. Results indicate that the combination of paper-based formwork, AR-guided rebar assembly, and recycled concrete significantly reduces environmental impact, improves production efficiency, and enhances design flexibility. Comparative analysis reveals a 50% reduction in concrete usage and a 32% decrease in CO2- equivalent emissions relative to conventional precast stairs. The methodology presented is applicable for new and existing building projects and opens new pathways for further integration of digital technologies in concrete construction workflows. application/pdf https://susi.usi.ch/global/documents/334755 https://n2t.net/ark:/12658/srd1334755 https://susi.usi.ch/documents/334755/files/Amicarelli et al. - Avancing Precision, CAADRIA, 2025.pdf eng https://papers.cumincad.org/cgi-bin/works/paper/caadria2025_473 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/ark/12658/srd1334755 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Rights reserved Architectural Informatics. - Proceedings of the 30th CAADRIA Conference. - 2025, vol. 2, p. 357-366 Augmented reality Concrete Digital fabrication Paper formwork Structural optimization Sustainability info:eu-repo/classification/udc/72 Advancing precision : less concrete, more innovation in staircase design http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_5794