Mokhtari, Mohammadali 2023 Despite a large body of evidence showing that early-life malnutrition influences adult outcomes, there is no evidence that early-life starvation causes use of opioids. Studying the long-term effects of a food shortage in Iran caused by WWII, we find that the rate of people who use drugs in this cohort increased significantly higher than in surrounding cohorts. Then, we examine a broad spectrum of outcomes for this cohort to shed light on potential causes of opioid use in the survivors of this cohort. Our findings suggest that pain contributes significantly to opioid use. application/pdf https://n2t.net/ark:/12658/srd1331198 https://susi.usi.ch/global/documents/331198 https://susi.usi.ch/documents/331198/files/Mokhtari_2023_Elsevier_Soc Scie Med_Opioids ease my pain.pdf eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115940 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/ark/12658/srd1331198 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY Social science & medicine. - 2023, vol. 327, no. 115940 Health and early life Opioid use roots Deaths of despair WWII and Iran info:eu-repo/classification/udc/33 Opioids ease my pain : early-life malnutrition and elderly outcomes http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501