<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>Sparasci, Davide</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Gobbi, Claudio</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Castelnovo, Anna</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Riccitelli, Gianna Carla</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Disanto, Giulio</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Zecca, Chiara</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Manconi, Mauro</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2022</dc:date>
  <dc:description xmlns:ns0="xml" ns0:lang="en">Background and objectives: To define the boundaries and the overlaps between fatigue, sleepiness and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by using different tools for each dimension, including instrumental sleep analysis. Methods: In this cross-sectional, observational study, 71 MS patients (males/females: 20/51; mean age: 48.9 ± 10.5 years) filled in clinical questionnaires and performed polysomnography followed by maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT). Frequency and reciprocal overlap of sleepiness, fatigue and depression in MS were expressed by Eulero-Venn diagrams; standard multiple regression was used to assess the ability of symptoms to predict each other. Results: There was a high percentage of fatigued (70%), somnolent (45%) and depressed (27%) patients. Fatigue had the strongest overlap and correlated with both depression (beta: 0.52, p &lt; 0.001) and sleepiness (beta: 0.74, p &lt; 0.001). Somno- lence and depression were nearly always accompanied by fatigue and were well differentiated from each other by MWT. Four MS subgroups were identified that had: (1) fatigue only; (2) fatigue and sleepiness (3) fatigue and depression; (4) fatigue, sleepiness and depression. Discussion: The subjective and objective tools are not able to clearly distinguish fatigue from sleepiness and depression, while only a test of vigilance can be helpful in separating somnolence and depression from each other.</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>https://n2t.net/ark:/12658/srd1326716</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier>https://susi.usi.ch/global/documents/326716</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier>https://susi.usi.ch/documents/326716/files/Zecca_2022_Spri_jneur.pdf</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s00415-022-11143-6</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/ark/12658/srd1326716</dc:relation>
  <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
  <dc:rights>CC BY</dc:rights>
  <dc:source>Journal of neurology . - 2022, vol. 269, p. 4961–4971</dc:source>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns1="xml" ns1:lang="en">Multiple sclerosis </dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns2="xml" ns2:lang="en">Sleep</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns3="xml" ns3:lang="en">Fatigue</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns4="xml" ns4:lang="en">Depression</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns5="xml" ns5:lang="en">Maintenance of wakefulness test</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>info:eu-repo/classification/udc/61</dc:subject>
  <dc:title xmlns:ns6="xml" ns6:lang="en">Fatigue, sleepiness and depression in multiple sclerosis : defining the overlaps for a better phenotyping</dc:title>
  <dc:type>http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>