Guerra, Concetta Molinari, Maurizio 2020-08-31 The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is site of synthesis and maturation of membrane and secretory proteins in eukaryotic cells. The ER contains more than 20 members of the Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) family. These enzymes regulate formation, isomerization and disassembly of covalent bonds between cysteine residues. As such, PDIs ensure protein folding, which is required to attain functional and transport-competent structure, and protein unfolding, which facilitates dislocation of defective gene products across the ER membrane for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The PDI family includes over a dozen of soluble members and few membrane-bound ones. Among these latter, there are five PDIs grouped in the thioredoxin-related transmembrane (TMX) protein family. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on TMX1, TMX2, TMX3, TMX4 and TMX5, their structural features, regulation and roles in biogenesis and control of the mammalian cell’s proteome. application/pdf https://susi.usi.ch/global/documents/319163 https://n2t.net/ark:/12658/srd1319163 https://susi.usi.ch/documents/319163/files/Guerra_cells_2020.pdf eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3390/cells9092000 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/ark/12658/srd1319163 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY Cells. - 2020, vol. 9, no. 9, p. 11 p Endoplasmic reticulum ERAD Folding PDI TMX info:eu-repo/classification/udc/57/59 Thioredoxin-related transmembrane proteins : TMX1 and little brothers TMX2, TMX3, TMX4 and TMX5 http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501