<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>Lindesmith, Lisa C.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Beltramello, Martina</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Swanstrom, Jesica</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Jones, Taylor A.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Corti, Davide</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Lanzavecchia, Antonio</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Baric, Ralph S.</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2015-07-01</dc:date>
  <dc:description xmlns:ns0="xml" ns0:lang="en">Background: Human noroviruses are the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis, justifying vaccine  development despite a limited understanding of strain immunity. After genogroup I (GI).1 norovirus infection  and immunization, blockade antibody titers to multiple virus-like particles (VLPs) increase, suggesting that GI  cross-protection may occur. Methods: Immunoglobulin (Ig)A was purified from sera collected from GI.1- infected participants, and potential neutralization activity was measured using a surrogate neutralization  assay based on antibody blockade of ligand binding. Human and mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were  produced to multiple GI VLPs to characterize GI epitopes. Results: Immunoglobulin A purified from day 14  post-GI.1 challenge sera blocked binding of GI.1, GI.3, and GI.4 to carbohydrate ligands. In some subjects,  purified IgA preferentially blocked binding of other GI VLPs compared with GI.1, supporting observations that  the immune response to GI.1 infection may be influenced by pre-exposure history. For other subjects, IgA  equivalently blocked multiple GI VLPs. Only strain-specific mAbs recognized blockade epitopes, whereas  strain cross-reactive mAbs recognized nonblockade epitopes. Conclusions: These studies are the first to  describe a functional role for serum IgA in norovirus immunity and the first to characterize human monoclonal  antibodies to GI strains, expanding our understanding of norovirus immunobiology.</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>https://susi.usi.ch/global/documents/319072</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier>https://localhost:5000/ark:/12658/srd1319072</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier>https://susi.usi.ch/documents/319072/files/Lindesmith_OFID_2015.pdf</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1093/ofid/ofv084</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/ark/12658/srd1319072</dc:relation>
  <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
  <dc:rights>CC BY-NC-ND</dc:rights>
  <dc:source>Open forum infectious diseases. - 2015, vol. 2, no. 3, p. ofv084</dc:source>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns1="xml" ns1:lang="en">Blockade antibody</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns2="xml" ns2:lang="en">BOB assay</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns3="xml" ns3:lang="en">IgA</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns4="xml" ns4:lang="en">Monoclonal antibody</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns5="xml" ns5:lang="en">Neutralization</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns6="xml" ns6:lang="en">Norwalk virus</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns7="xml" ns7:lang="en">Norovirus</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>info:eu-repo/classification/udc/61</dc:subject>
  <dc:title xmlns:ns8="xml" ns8:lang="en">Serum immunoglobulin a cross-strain blockade of human noroviruses</dc:title>
  <dc:type>http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>