<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>Debbink, Kari</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Lindesmith, Lisa C.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Ferris, Martin T.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Swanstrom, Jesica</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Beltramello, Martina</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Corti, Davide</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Lanzavecchia, Antonio</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Baric, Ralph S.</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2014-06-03</dc:date>
  <dc:description xmlns:ns0="xml" ns0:lang="en">Genogroup II, genotype 4 (GII.4) noroviruses are known to rapidly evolve, with the  emergence of a new primary strain every 2 to 4 years as herd immunity to the  previously circulating strain is overcome. Because viral genetic diversity is higher in  chronic than in acute infection, chronically infected immunocompromised people have  been hypothesized to be a potential source for new epidemic GII.4 strains. However,  while some capsid protein residues are under positive selection and undergo  patterned changes in sequence variation over time, the relationships between genetic  variation and antigenic variation remains unknown. Based on previously published  GII.4 strains from a chronically infected individual, we synthetically reconstructed virus- like particles (VLPs) representing early and late isolates from a small-bowel transplant  patient chronically infected with norovirus, as well as the parental GII.4-2006b strain.  We demonstrate that intrahost GII.4 evolution results in the emergence of antigenically  distinct strains over time, comparable to the variation noted between the  chronologically predominant GII.4 strains GII.4-2006b and GII.4-2009. Our data  suggest that in some individuals the evolution that occurs during a chronic norovirus  infection overlaps with changing antigenic epitopes that are associated with  successive outbreak strains and may select for isolates that are potentially able to  escape herd immunity from earlier isolates.</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>https://susi.usi.ch/global/documents/318854</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier>https://localhost:5000/ark:/12658/srd1318854</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier>https://susi.usi.ch/documents/318854/files/Debbink_JV_2014.pdf</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1128/JVI.00203-14</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/ark/12658/srd1318854</dc:relation>
  <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
  <dc:rights>License undefined</dc:rights>
  <dc:source>Journal of virology. - 2014, vol. 88, no. 13, p. 7244–7255</dc:source>
  <dc:subject>info:eu-repo/classification/udc/61</dc:subject>
  <dc:title xmlns:ns1="xml" ns1:lang="en">Within-host evolution results in antigenically distinct GII.4 noroviruses</dc:title>
  <dc:type>http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>